https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724049234#ab0015
The effect of information about hazardous chemicals in consumer products on behaviour – A systematic review
Anders Boman , Mécia Miguel , Ida Andersson , Daniel Slunge
Interessanter Übersichtsartikel: die Reaktionen auf Kennzeichnung sind offensichtlich ziemlich situationsabhängig. Immerhin scheinen Warnhinweise zu wirken.
Warnsymbole helfen offensichtlich, werden aber keineswegs immer (richtig) verstanden. Detailierte Informationen werden dagegen sehr schnell wieder vergessen. Die Bereitschaft, für Unbelastetes mehr zu zahlen variiert.
Die Autoren verweisen oft auf das "Schweizerkäse"-Konzept:
Warnungen helfen, Verbote helfen, Apelle helfen. Nichts davon ist wirklich sicher. Jedoch wenn man mehrere löchrige Käsescheiben übereinanderlegt ist das in der Summe oft ganz brauchbar.
Originalzitate:
Discussion:
...
There appears to be a conflict between two purposes of warning messages, where attention to risk conflicts with knowledge about specific risks. Nevertheless, the lack of recall of specific
information may not be problematic if the text or warning symbol effectively promotes improved product usage (i.e. compliance with warning messages). Several studies have demonstrated that
warning labels do influence product use, which is their intended purpose. It therefore appears that adding warning labels to products can provide an extra layer of protection and therefore
mitigate risks to consumers.
...
Conclusion
...
Consumers generally state that they are willing to pay a premium for products with less hazardous chemicals, but the amounts consumers are willing to pay vary significantly between studies.
There is also a variation in consumer reactions to information, depending on the type of product, consumer behaviour and what kind of label is used. Warning symbols are found to be effective in
signalling general hazard, although consumers often confuse the different symbols. More detailed information is often better at delivering specific information, but this information is then often
quickly forgotten.
Bernd Wille
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